Past+Papers+(Internal+Tests)

**VARSITY COLLEGE** =  ** ENN 101 D MEMO ** = = ** Past Paper **  = = **Time: 1 hour** = **Marks: 50**  You are required to answer ** ONE **of the following questions.    ** QUESTION 1 ** 

** Poetry **
 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Read the poem through at least twice and then answer the questions that follow: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Old Woman’s Message **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Kumalau Tawali (1946 - ) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Stick these words in your hair <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">And take them to Polin and Manuai <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">my sons: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">the ripe fruit falls and returns <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">5 to the trunk – its mother. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">But my sons, forgetful of me, <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">are like fruit borne by birds. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">I see the sons of other women <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">returning. What is in their minds? <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">10 Let them keep the price of their labour <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">but their eyes are mine. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">I have little breath left <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">to wait for them. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">I am returning to childhood. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">15 My stomach goes to my back <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">my hands are like broom sticks, <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">my legs can fit in the sand crab’s hole. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">I am dry like a carved image <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">only my head is God’s. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">20 Already I sway like a dry falling leaf <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">I see with my hands – <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">oh tell Polin and Manuai to hurry <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">and come to my death feast. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">i) In a sentence or two, say what this poem is about. ** 5 **  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//an old woman feels her age; her sons have left home; this is a message to persuade them to return; it outlines her suffering//    <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">ii) Comment on the central image used in the first seven lines. What does this tell us of the context of the poem? ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">10 ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//some fruit fall near the tree – some women’s children stay near their home, do not travel far// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//but birds carrying fruit from parent tree drop them far away – her sons are far from their parent.// //** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Context **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> – implication that this is a rural area (fruit, bird falling leaf metaphors), sons so far away she has to send a message to them, with the person she is talking to, perhaps in an urban area. // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">iii) In line 9, to whom does the possessive adjective in ‘__their__ minds’ refer? What is the tone of the lines 9 -11?   ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">5  **   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Their minds = her sons’ minds – the tone is one of indignation;//     <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">iv) Identify the similes used in lines 16-21. How do these images add to our understanding of the speaker’s state of mind? ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">10 ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//legs like broom sticks – excessively thin; legs can fit into a crab’s hole – even the feet are not defined – as thin as the legs; dry like carved image – probably carved from dead wood; sway like a dry falling leaf – the brittleness and lifelessness of the leaf suggest her vulnerability// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Withering of body; drying of life sap – her mind is similarly dry and without hope.// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">v) How does the speaker’s tone vary throughout the poem? You should show how she increases the emotional elements in her appeal to her sons and note the impact of the last two lines in particular.    ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">10  **   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//initial poetic statement of situation; tone of jealousy of other women; then anger; then appeal to pity for her physical state - picture of diminished body; increasing blindness; almost a moral blackmail to hurry or they will be too late.//   //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Last two lines: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-style: normal;"> // //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">dismay/anguish in the words ‘oh’ and ‘hurry’. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-style: normal;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//ironic reference to ‘death feast’ – loneliness at the end of life;// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 72.0pt; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">vi) Kumalua Tawali comes from Papua New Guinea. Do you think his poem is relevant only to the situation in his country or does the same situation apply in Africa? Discuss.    <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** 10 **    <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Own opinion – but a universal tendency for youth to leave rural communities – South African experience of depopulation of rural areas – probable abandonment of the older generation in villages.//    ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> [50]  **   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">QUESTION 2
<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In // Selves and Others //, we are reminded that many ‘bad’ literary characters function as opposites of the ‘good guys’. …Their unpleasant qualities strengthen the good qualities possessed by the heroes of the texts. .   <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">With reference to ONE of the following characters, write an essay in which you demonstrate these ideas. You will need to consider what qualities make the character unpleasant, how his/her actions show an undesirable personality, how he/she highlights other ‘good’ characters; where we get information about him/her from; what role is played in the novel and how the character helps the author get his or her message across. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In // Heart of Darkness //; The Accountant ** or ** Mr Kurtz <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In // Nervous Conditions //; Nhamo ** or ** Nyasha <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[50] ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Based on Selves & Others Section 2 Chapter 2 p. 75 - 82 //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">NB **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> This is a departure from previous years. I have been told that a question will be set on // Selves and Others, //but I don’t know what form it will take. This question will have to be marked globally - I intended a character sketch with reference to a contrast with other ‘good’ characters. I suggest 30 marks for content - showing an understanding of how characters are portrayed, and 20 for structure and language usage. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">QUESTION 3 ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> //** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Heart of Darkness **// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Joseph Conrad (1902) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">“// And by the way, I suppose Mr Kurtz is dead as well by this time.” // // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">For a moment that was the dominant thought. There was a sense of extreme disappointment, as though I had found out I had been striving after something altogether without a substance. I couldn’t have been more disgusted if I had travelled all this way for the sole purpose of talking with Mr Kurtz //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">. (p.69) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">In an essay of about 2 pages, discuss the nature of Marlow’s quest. You should consider his reasons for travelling to the Congo and what he hoped to do there. Refer to incidents in the novel to illustrate your points. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">[50] **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Essay of about 2 pages. The argument depends largely on the student’s individual interpretation.// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Use a global mark: 30 for content with direct reference to explanatory incidents; decrease mark for just narrative - 20 marks for structure, paragraph development and language use// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-style: normal;">. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Marlow a man of the sea// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Needed a job// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Fascinated with Africa – white space on map// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Hoped to sail up river – river craft a new experience for him// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Growing fascination with Kurtz’s situation – hears about him from Brussels, Lower Station, Central Station – given different perspectives – great man or dangerous rival.// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Marlow’s dislike of other agents (pilgrims) and horrors of colonial exploitation// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Impression that Kurtz will be worth meeting – and hearing – and understanding as person influenced by isolation// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-style: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">QUESTION 4 ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> ** // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Nervous Conditions // **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Tsitsi Dangarembga (1988) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">‘We know he is doing his duty,’ I said obstinately, ‘but we still have to thank him.’ // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">‘Thank him, yes,’ agreed Nyasha patiently, ‘but not make him into a hero. And what about poor Lucia! She’s been groveling ever since she arrived to get Daddy to help her out. That sort of thing shouldn’t be necessary. Really it shouldn’t. //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">’ (p163) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">What do you think about the issue of Babamukuru’s duty to his family? <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In an essay of about 2 pages, discuss your views and comment on the contrast between the attitudes displayed by Tambu and Nyasha towards Babamukuru. ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">[50] ** <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Essay of about 2 pages. The argument depends largely on the student’s individual interpretation.// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Use a global mark: 30 for content with direct reference to explanatory incidents; decrease mark for just narrative - 20 marks for structure, paragraph development and language use// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-style: normal;">. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Tambu accepts ideas of duty in Babamakuru’s culture - eldest or most successful to support family// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//His personality – enjoys prestige – strong sense of duty// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Benevolent dictator – thinks he can order lives of Jeremiah, Mainini (eg. marriage) Lucia, Nhamo & Tambu// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Expectations of others - that he is always right// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Tambu is grateful because she has benefited directly from his ruling of her parents’ objections.// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">//Nyasha unimpressed – familiarity; awareness of effect of domination on her mother; has experienced different culture – more independent// <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-style: normal;">